Development of a Scale for Measuring Medical Communication Skills of Acupuncturists / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective]In recent years, communication skills have been recognized as an essential competence for acupuncturists. This study proposes to develop a scale for measuring the medical communication skills of acupuncturists.<BR>[Materials and Methods]A questionnaire of 20 items was used to measure medical communication skills. These items were adopted from a concept analysis conducted in a previous study.<BR>Cronbach's alpha was used to examine the scale's reliability. The scale's validity was examined by correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis comparisons with normal communication skills subscale scores (ENDCOREs, Encode, Decode, Control, Regulate) and a Japanese version of characteristic trait anxiety scores (STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory).<BR>[Results]Factor analysis, using a principal extraction method and promax rotation, was conducted on responses from 443students and therapists. As a result, the original 20 items were reduced to 16, and the following three factors were extracted:I. Acceptance of patients and self-control;II. Appropriate explanation to patients;and III. Understanding of patient's feelings. These three factors had high degrees of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =.872 -.892).<BR>The scores of the three factors correlated significantly with the scores of the six factors of ENDCORE, and with the anxiety scores. Although the results of multiple regression analysis showed that each factor of ENDCORE explained the three factors, the anxiety scores did not influence medical communication skills. The scores for the three factors correlated significantly with self-evaluation scores of medical interview skill. In addition, these three factors were affected by the degree of clinical experience.<BR>[Conclusion]These results suggest that this scale may be a reliable instrument for assessing medical communication skills among Japanese acupuncturists.

Acupuncture and moxibustion for palliative care / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Japan, which boasts one of the longest life expectancies in the world. Some types of cancer cause excruciating pain. Measures are actively being taken to establish palliative care units as specialized facilities to mitigate pain and set up palliative care teams in core hospitals for cancer care. In accordance with the guidelines of the WHO, a method using narcotic drugs as a means of pain relief has been established in Japan, but for patients at the middle to late stages of cancer, sufficient pain control cannot be ensured for many cases. Although various alternative therapies, including acupuncture, moxibustion, and haut care (hand and foot massages) are used to alleviate pain, the effectiveness of these methods is still unclear. Accordingly, we examined the actual conditions of palliative care together with evidence of acupuncture and moxibustion therapies and haut care as a means of pain relief.

A Case of depression that was successfully managed with acupuncture after discontinuation, due to liver dysfunction, of antidepressants / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Introduction]Insomnia and anxiety are major symptoms of depression and severely limit the daily activities of depressed patients. We report the case of a depressed patient who had developed liver dysfunction caused by medication and whose depression was successfully managed by acupuncture after discontinuation of antidepressants. <BR>[Case]A 37 years-old male had been taking noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA) and Chai Fu Jia Long Gu Mu Li Tang Jia Wei Gui pi Tang for insomnia and anxiety due to depression. Although his symptoms had improved by the medication, abnormalities in his liver functions were found after 3months of medication. After he was diagnosed as having drug-induced liver damage, he was admitted to Meiji University's Integrative Medicine Hospital and all medication was replaced by Glycyrrhizin and Glutathione. Consequently his depression and symptoms returned. We then tried to relieve his symptoms by applying acupuncture, which was prescribed according to traditional Chinese medical diagnosis (TCM diagnosis, Heart Yin Deficiency , Liver Qi Stagnation , and Kidney Yin Deficiency ). <BR>[Results]After 4 acupuncture treatments, the patient's duration and depth of sleep considerably improved compared with that before the acupuncture sessions, and comparable results were maintained until discharge. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were also markedly improved from 'moderate depression'(24 points) at the beginning of treatment to 'minimal depression'(8 points) at the end (9th treatment, 16 days from the first session).<BR>[Conclusion]The results of this case suggest that acupuncture treatment may be an effective alternative for anti-depressants when there is a limitation to administer those drugs.

The wisdom of Japanese Acupuncture and Moxibustion gaining insight to body and mind / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Introduction]This symposium was organized for the adoption of the Tokyo Declaration for Japanese Acupuncture and Moxibustion at the final meeting of the congress and was composed of three subjects that were supposed to become a framework for the declaration draft.<BR>[Subjects] 1. History of acupuncture in Japan 2. Analysis of the present circumstances 3. Tasks for the future<BR>The first subject was an explanation of important matters in acupuncture development in Japan, based on the key note lecture given prior to this symposium. The second subject was analysis from both aspects of research studies and clinical situations. The third subject was to be suggestions for further development of acupuncture after revealing present problems. <BR>There are more or less many issues in the acupuncture field;clinical practice, education, research and clinical training, but these issues may not have been approached either systematically or generally before. Whereas, in the light of opinions gathered from many others, many future issues came apparent through the three subjects of this symposium. In conclusion, the goal was to find a strategy that would make Japanese acupuncture become a prevailing therapy in the future more than what it is today.

Two cases of prolonged acute nausea induced by chemotherapy for lung cancer and effectively treated with acupuncture and moxibustion / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective]Acupuncture has been described to be effective for acute vomiting induced by anti-cancer drugs of chemotherapy. However, the effect of acupuncture for the prolonged acute nausea that continues more than 24 hours from its onset after chemotherapy has not been satisfactorily investigated. In the present study, we report two cases of prolonged acute nausea induced by chemotherapy and effectively treated with acupuncture and moxibustion.<BR>[Case 1] 79-year-old male who had diagnosed as early adenocarcinoma of the lung had chemotherapy by anticancer drug under hospitalization after right lower lung lobectomy. In spite of administration of anti-emetic agents, he complained of mild but persistent nausea that developed within 24 hours after chemotherapy and continued more than 24 hours from onset. Acupuncture at PC6 (Neiguwan) and ST25 (Tianshu) with moxibustion at CV12 (Zhongwan) and ST25 (Tianshu) were performed in addition to anti-emetics. <BR>[Case 2] 64-year-old female who had undergone radiation therapy by gamma knife for metastatic brain tumors of adenocarcinoma of the lung had chemotherapy by anti-cancer drug under hospitalization. Since administration of anti-emetics during the first period of chemotherapy was less effective, moxibustion at ST25 and CV12 in addition to anti-emetics was performed during the second period of chemotherapy. <BR>[Results]In both cases, the prolonged acute nausea was improved showing significant decrease in the VAS immediately after the treatment of acupuncture. <BR>[Discussion]Severe nausea and vomiting might have been suppressed by anti-emetic agents, but mild acute nausea was prolonged and persisted. Prolonged acute nausea caused poor appetite and deterioration of Quality of Life (QOL) of patients in two cases.<BR>Acupuncture with moxibustion and moxibustion could improve prolonged acute nausea and its related symptoms. These results of acupuncture with moxibustion and moxibustion suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion are useful treatment for prolonged acute nausea induced by chemotherapy and can be applied as complementary medicine to patients receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy.

Cancer and acupuncture & Moxibustion 3 / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

This is the third symposium on 'cancer and acupuncture and moxibustion'. Many physicians and intellectuals are skeptical of the use of Western medicine for cancer patients, which often lead to serious adverse events. Acupuncture and moxibustion, which is capable of improving quality of life (QOL) and activating immunity with minimal side effects is also expected to have beneficial effects on various stages of cancer patients, such as prevention of development or recurrence of cancer and palliative care. In fact, evidence has recently accumulated in the field. Dr. Fukuda, Associate Professor of Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, who reported the usefulness of acupuncture and moxibustion in palliative care in the first symposium and bibliographical information in the second has reported this time on the topic of safety and effectiveness of acupuncture on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Dr. Kurokawa from the National Defense Medical College reported the effectiveness of acupuncture on physical and psychological symptoms, QOL, prevention of adverse events, and pre-and post-operative disorders in cancer patients. Dr. Kouchi from Saitama Medical School reported on the usefulness of acupuncture in the university hospital and factors which influence the effect. Dr. Nakamura from Morinomiya University presented a case with chemotherapy-related symptoms who had been cared for with a long-term application of moxibustion. In contrast to these reports on the efficacy of the acupuncture for chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-induced side effects, Dr. Magara from Somon Hachipuji Clinic, who had consistently reported a preventive effect of autonomic immune therapy that involves acupuncture without Western clinical treatment from the first symposium, this time presented topics regarding improvement in the immunity by increasing various cytokines, the possibility of reduction of a tumor even in a case of advanced cancer that cannot be treated with a surgical approach, reduction of the recurrence rate among cases who were treated with his approach as compared with those under conventional approaches. He insisted we should concentrate our efforts on research on preventing the recurrence of cancer with approaches that activates the natural healing process of human beings.<BR>We concluded that clinical trials with a larger sample are needed to clearly identify the usefulness of acupuncture and moxibustion for cancer patients.

A case of pneumonia; cough and accompanying body pain by the cough were effectively treated with acupuncture / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Pneumonia is one of major causes of cough, which sometimes resists medication and remarkably deteriorates QOL of the patient. We report a case of pneumonia in a person suffering from severe cough and pain in the general body accompanied by cough for which conventional medication did not work but was improved by acupuncture treatment. <BR>A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed by her physician with pneumonia on August 2, 200X. Although antibiotics were administered, her symptoms were not improved. She visited Meiji University of Integrative Medicine Hospital and was hospitalized on the same day. Despite strict medication with antibiotics, antitussive agent and expectorant during hospitalization, her severe cough and body pain remained unchanged. <BR>Acupuncture treatment was then started on August 7. The basic meridian points used were LU1 (Zhongfu), LU5 (Chize), BL13(Feishu), LU7 (Leique), LI4 (Hegu), GB20 (Fengchi), GB14 (Danzhui), ST12 (Quepen), ST11 (Qishe), and CV22 (Tiantu). The acupuncture needles were retained for ten minutes at these points in each session. After ten acupuncture treatments for over seven days, the VAS for body pain accompanied by cough showed a remarkable improvement. Also, significant relief in cough was observed every time immediately after treatment. <BR>We suggested that acupuncture treatment might be useful for cough and/or pain in the body accompanied by cough in a patient with pneumonia.

Acupuncture for functional abdominal pain syndrome: a case report / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Background]Functional abdominal pain syndrome (FAPS) represents a chronic pain disorder localized in the abdomen and the symptoms largely are unrelated to food intake and defecation, which differ from other painful functional gastrointestinal disorders.<BR>We report a case of FAPS whose symptom was successfully improved by acupuncture.<BR>[Case Report]A 75-year-old female had been hospitalized at Meiji University of Integrative Medicine Hospital because of left lower abdominal pain from which she had repeatedly suffered for more than 2 years. Despite strict medication, her symptom had not been improved. After admission to the hospital, according to recommendation by her physician, acupuncture treatment was started. The patient received TCM-based acupuncture treatments five times a week over 13weeks. Primary acupuncture points used for the patient were LV3(Taichong), SP6 (Sanyinjiao), ST36 (Zusanli) and PC6 (Neiguan). Evaluation of the left lower abdominal pain was carried out with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was used to evaluate QOL related to the digestive symptoms. VAS for the left lower abdominal pain showed a remarkable decrease immediately after the initial acupuncture session. The symptom disappeared within 4 weeks after commencement of the treatment and never appeared during her hospitalization. GSRS was also improved and it was maintained during hospitalization.<BR>[Conclusion]We suggested that acupuncture treatment might be one of the useful, non-pharmacological alternatives for symptoms of FAPS.

Relationship between katakori (shoulder stiffness) and shoulder hardness / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective]The present study investigated the relationship between subjective symptoms of katakori (shoulder stiffness) and shoulder hardness which was examined both with clinical palpation and a mechanical device, as well as the correlation between these two measurements. <BR>[Methods]Subjects were enrolled to the study if they had a stiff shoulder on the day of the visit (katakori group, n = 60) or if they had no experience of katakori in their lifetime (non-katakori group, n = 10). The intensity of the katakori was evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Shoulder hardness was evaluated at acupoint Jianjing (GB21) and at the point where the subject felt the most intensive symptom by both palpation of experienced acupuncturists who were unaware of the allocation and a hardness meter. The method of acupuncture treatment was decided by acupuncturists who were not an evaluator of the hardness.<BR>[Results and Discussion]There was no significant relationship in the hardness measured with the device and palpation between the katakori group and non-katakori group. Also, the intensity of katakori (VAS) and the changes after treatment showed no significant correlation with the hardness and its changes. These results support the validity of our clinical experience that patients who complain of severe shoulder stiffness do not always have a hard shoulder.

Effect of acupuncture for general symptoms accompanied with hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

INTRODUCTION:Acupuncture has been reported to be useful for both physical and psychological symptoms. Here we report a case who complained of various physical symptoms due to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma effectively cared for with acupuncture.<BR>Case:A 64-year-old female complained of general fatigue, constipation, and pain in the lower back and leg during her hospitalization for leg edema due to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the leg edema was improved by the administration of albumin, physical symptoms such as pain in the lower back and leg, constipation, or general fatigue remained. <BR>We applied acupuncture with aiming at relaxing muscles (erector spinae, rectus femoris, right adductor) by a local needling approach, and to improve incomplete defecation by applying moxibustion at the acupoint on the abdomen. <BR>METHOD:Faces Scale was used to evaluate general condition. Evaluation of the pain in the lower back and lower extremities were made with a Numerical Scale where 10 indicates the most painful, while 0 indicates no pain. <BR>RESULT:Both general fatigue and pain in the lower extremities wererelieved after acupuncture treatments (FS for general condition improved from 3to 1, NS for pain decreased from 7 to 4). Also, the feeling of incomplete defecation disappeared.

Cancer and acupuncture & moxibustion2 / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The very first session of the symposium on ‘cancer and acupuncture’ was held at the 53^rd Annual Conference of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (JSAM). It suggested the efficacy and potential of acupuncture and moxibustion not only for cancer but also for cancer patients. This is the second session for further discussion. In recent years, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for cancer patients has come to the world's attention, and many reports about its expediency and beneficial effect have been conducted in Japan and in the world. However, the adaptation range of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for cancer is still limited because there is not enough evidence, so compilations of more sufficient case reports or research for presentation and effects in preventing relapse of cancer are required to prove its reliability. Acupuncture and moxibustion are used as one of the medical treatments directed at relieving symptoms and life-sustaining treatment in hospitals today. Earlier, frequent acupuncture treatment led to significant efficacy for cancer patients, and it is also reported that the number of lymphocytes increases in sequential acupuncture treatment but the number tends to return in a short time after cessation of treatment. Sequential autonomic immune therapy over a long term revealed several significant effects as follows; lymphocyte activation while the lymphocyte count remained, increase of cytokine (IL 12, IFNγ, TNFα, etc.) production and Th 1, Th 1/Th 2, immunostimulatory activity effect, reduction of tumor markers down to or close to normal, reduction or resolve of malignant neoplasm and recurrence prevention for unoperated cancer patients, QOL improvement with symptoms relief and life prolongation. In this seminar, it suggested that acupuncture and moxibustion are potential and appropriate treatments for cancer and further research in this field is required.

A Survey of the Cost of Acupuncture Treatment and Patients' Opinions on its Cost in Japan / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective] To estimate the average cost per acupuncture treatment and to assess patients' opinions about the cost of the treatment in Japan.<BR>[Methods] We summarized data concerning the cost of acupuncture treatment and patients' opinions about its cost in a survey that was conducted in July 2000 among patients who visited acupuncture clinics where thepractitioners were the members of alumni association of Meiji University of Oriental Medicine.<BR>[Results] Of 2, 210 questionnaires distributed to the subjects, 1, 319 (59.7%) responded and 1, 264 (57.2%) were relevant to the analysis. 425 (33.6%), 331 (26.2%) and 203 (16.1%) paid 3, 001-4, 000 yen, 2, 001-3, 000 yen and 1, 001-2, 000 yen per treatment, respectively. The average (95%CI) fee paid by patients who wanted the treatment to be 'cheaper' (group 1), and 'slightly cheaper' (group 2) was 3, 310 yen (3081-3538) and 3, 508 yen (3328-3689), respectively. Among those who thought the fee was 'reasonable' (group 3), it was 3, 060 yen (2, 947-3, 172). For those who were able to pay more (group 4), it was 2, 927 yen (2655-3188). The average (95%CI) fee which were considered as 'reasonable' by each group, classified according to opinion, were 2, 080 (1, 906-2, 254), 2, 411 (2, 292-2, 529), 3, 046 (2, 930-3, 161) and 3, 923 (3, 582-4, 263) for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, re-spectively. The 'reasonable' and 'maximum' costs suggested by the patients were significantly correlated with the current fees paid. Patients' satisfaction with the treatment, which was evaluated with VAS, was related to the opinion of the patients on the cost per treatment.<BR>[Conclusion] Most of the respondents paid 3, 001-4000 yen for an acupuncture session, although the reasonable cost suggested by the patients varied according to the current cost and the patients' satisfaction with the treatment.

Relationship between Circadian Blood Pressure Variations and Oriental Medical Observations in The Elderly / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective] We studied the relationship between circadian blood pressure variations and oriental medical observations in the elderly. <BR>[Methods] Subjects in the present study were 39 elderly patients who were aged 65 or older. For measurement of circadian blood pressure variations, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was used. Meiji Oriental Medical Score (MOS) and Qi, Blood, Body Fluids Score (developed by Terasawa et al.) were used to evaluate Oriental Medical Status of the subjects.<BR>[Results and Discussion] In the subjects who showed abnormality in circadian blood pressure variations, symptoms of Lung, Kidney and Qi deficiency were identified using MOS, blood deficiency and Qi stagnation were identified using Qi, Blood, Body Fluids Score. The number of the oriental medical symptoms were significantly greater in the subjects who showed abnormalities in circadian blood pressure variations compared with the other subjects. We concluded that oriental medical observations would be helpful to suggest existence of abnormalities in circadian blood pressure variations in elderly with hypertension

"Cancer and Acupuncture & Moxibustion"-The Effective Indications and the Limitations of Acupuncture Treatments as Primary and Secondary Preventions (Treating Patient before Disease Arises), Treatments, Palliative Cares of Cancer- / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

In recent years, we have been told that the western medicine has developed the techniques of treatments on cancer, but the truth is that very few practical accomplishments has been made, while death rate from cancer has been steadily increasing. Although acupuncture has been thought to be ineffective in the treatments of cancer, nowadays we find some reports concerning its effectiveness in palliative cares, improvements of quality of life (QOL) and cancer regressions. Thus, this symposium was planned to investigate this theme. There were reports from appointed speakers on the acupuncturists' feelings of swung back and forth between joy and despair when treating patients with cancer, the experiences in treating her parents who died of lung cancer, and the patients who failed or rejected to be treated in western medicine but successfully treated using acupuncture eventually.<BR>A panelist who practices acupuncture treatments in a hospital reported the effectiveness and indications on combined application of acupuncture and standard treatments for the patients in the terminal stage of cancer. He also reported that no correlation had been found between effective rates and duration (frequency) of treatments neither between stages (duration) of disorders and efficacy. Furthermore, if the environment of acupuncture treatment is well organized, he mentioned that acupuncture can produce a good deal of effect even in patients with terminal stage. He also reported that acupuncture will be able to influence on the physiology in autonomic nervous system, leading to the hyperactivity of parasympathetic nerve.<BR>A panelist who practices his acupuncture treatments based on the theory of Professor Abo reported the effectiveness of acupuncture in improving QOL and in prolonging one's life. He showed an actual situation of the patient with scirrhous carcinoma who had prolonged his life for a long period using acupuncture treatment. He also demonstrated that radiotherapy, one of the three major medical treatments for cancer, will deprive the resistance of the patients.<BR>A panelist who advocates salutogenesis demonstrated the possibility of the direct effectiveness of acupuncture treatment on cancer because acupuncture has significant effects in alleviating pains and enhancing the power of restoring human energy in patients with cancer. He mentioned the limitation of the treatments using “a theory of pathogenesis (modern medicine)” and the importance of the treatments using “a theory of salutogenesis (traditional medicine)”, and emphasized the necessity of acupuncture treatments as well as supplemental agents, and the importance of psychological approaches toward the mind of patients.<BR>In this symposium, the efficacy of acupuncture treatments as palliative cares was indicated. Although there are few convincing evidences, the efficacy of acupuncture treatments as one of treatment methods for cancer may be demonstrated. Further integrative researches on the efficacy of acupuncture in patients with cancer are needed.

The Effects of Acupuncture on Shoulder-Hand Syndrome (SHS) as a Complication of Hemiplegia / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Hemiplegia after a cerebrovascular event is a complication that causes problems in daily life such as difficulty of walking and may lead to social disadvantages. Furthermore, various subsequent health issues that accompany hemiplegia tend to hinder rehabilitation. In particular, Shoulder-Hand Syndrome (SHS) is an intractably painful disease with primary symptoms of pain and swelling in the upper limbs of patients. We investigated the effect of the acupuncture treatment on those patients with hemiplegia after a cerebrovascular event who are suspected to have SHS because of such symptoms as pain, swelling, and paresthesia in the upper limb of the affected side by measuring the changes in the numerical scale (NS), Gibbons' RSD score, and range of motion (ROM) in upper extremities.<br>The present study consisted of 13 hemiplegic subjects (eight males, five females) with pain, swelling, and paresthesia in the upper limbs. Acupuncture treatment was applied twice a week for over two months. Specifically electrical acupuncture and/or the retaining needle technique was applied to the upper extremities for 20 minutes in each session. Of 13 participants, 10 showed a significant decrease in NS (reduced by five or more points), eight showed improvement of the swelling in the upper limbs, and nine showed reduction in paresthesia.<br>From these results, we concluded that the acupuncture treatment was effective for SHS that accompanies hemiplegia after a cerebrovascular event and that the improvement of the peripheral blood flow might play an important role in generating treatment effects.

A Cross-sectional Sarvey of Patient Safisfacfion after Acupuncture Treatment in Japan / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Recently, the importance of patient satisfaction emerged in the context of providing high-quality health care. However, the level of patient satisfaction with acupuncture treatment and the factors that influence satisfaction have not been investigated. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on the satisfaction of patients who consult acupuncture clinics and investigated factors that have a certain influence on the level of satisfaction using multivariate analysis.<BR>Subjects in the present study consisted of 2210 patients who consulted acupuncture clinics that were randomly selected from the alumni association of Meiji University of Oriental Medicine. The survey was conducted between July 10 through July 23, 2000 using our original questionnaire which consists of questions about health state and basic information about the patient, environment of the clinic, assessment of the practitioner by the patient and overall patient satisfaction with the clinic. Sampling of the subject was made using stratified random sampling method and the questionnaires were returned directly from the patient by mail.<BR>Of 2210 patients given the questionnaire, 1, 319 (59.7%) responded. Mean (SD) level of the total satisfaction with the clinic evaluated using 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) was 81.4 (13.8). Simple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of explanation given by the practitioner was significantly related to patient satisfaction, while multiple regression analysis showed that the effect of treatment, treatment skill of the practitioner, patient's reliance on the practitioner, clean environment of the consultation room, depth of the practitioner's understanding of the patient and willingness of the practitioner to answer questions were factors significantly related with the patient's satisfaction.<BR>In the present study, there was high overall satisfaction among patients consulting acupuncture clinics and the factors influencing satisfaction could be classified into three kinds : factors relating to the quality of treatment, communication factors between the patient and practitioner, and environmental factors related to the clinic.

Effect of Moxibustion on Insulin Resistance / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The present study investigated the effect of moxibustion for 4 weeks on insulin resistance in Otsuka-Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a model of spontaneous noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Glucose infusion rate (GIR) in the moxibustion group was higher than that in the control group. This finding suggests that moxibustion may be effective for insulin resistance.

Effect of TEAS(Transcutaneous Electrical Acupuncture Point Stimulation) on Intellect and Daily Activity of the Aged / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

We investigated whether TEAS affected intellect in the elderly, prevented the decline of daily activity and/or improved HDS-R and elderly activity valuation scale in 93 aged patients over 70.<BR>As a result, HDS-R and the elderly activity valuation scale increased after 8 weeks, in the physical exercise group that also received TEAS treatment, indicating a tendency to improve. Improved intellect was measured by asking subject to guess the time and date, recollect some words, and remember five items in HDS-R. All items on the elderly activity valuation scale were improved except for hearing and appetite. Many patients showed increased scores in combination with TEAS. Before treatment, patients in both groups were divided into 4 subgroups by HDS-R score and change in HDS-R was investigated after treatment for 8 weeks. Those scoring 16 points or more on the initial test tended to show an increased score in both groups, those showing 11-15 points initially demonstrated an increased score only in exercise in the combined group, and those showing 10 points or less did not demonstrate any change in either group.<BR>Based on these results, physical therapy combined with TEAS appeared to accelerate daily activity and promote intellect and cognition in the elderly.

The Effect of Electro-Acupuncture Stimulation on Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats / 日本東洋医学雑誌

To investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation (EAS) on insulin sensitivity in rats, we performed several stimulations on Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, during euglycemic clamp. We divided OLETF rats into five groups according to the kind of the stimulation: EAS at vagal innervated region of the auricle (AVA), EAS at non-vagal innervated region of the auricle (ANVA), EAS on the back of the body (AB), pinching on the back of the body (PB), and no stimulation on the body (NS). These procedures were also applied on Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats as a control study.<br>Furthermore, we performed long-term stimulation (from six to 24 weeks of age) on OLETF rats to assess the preventive effect of those stimulations on the formation of the insulin resistance. EAS of pulse duration 300ms, 1.5V, 1Hz was applied for 10 or 15minutes. As a result, the glucose infusion rate (GIR) showed significantly higher levels during stimulation of PB group in LETO rats. On the other hand, the GIR of AVA group in LETO rats and PB group in OLETF rats were decreased by stimulation. The GIR in AVA group and AB group after long-term stimulation were significantly higher than those of NS group in OLETF rats. These results suggested that EAS at the auricle and the back is useful for the prevention of the formation of insulin resistance when it's applied before onset of the symptoms in OLETF rats.

The Effect of Electroacupuncture Stimulation on the Nerve Blood flow in Rats / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

As a preparatory study for treating diabetic neuropathy by acupuncture, we investigated the effect of electroacupuncture on the sciatic blood flow in rats. Nerve blood flow was measured with a laser doppler flowmeter. Different treatments were applied to three groups of rats as follows:<br>1) those stimulated with low-frequency (1Hz, 5Hz) electroacupuncture, <br>2) those stimulated with high-frequency (20Hz, 100Hz) electroacupuncture and<br>3) those stimulated by pinching in the tails.<br>In the electroacupuncture groups, stimulation was applied to the plantae. While little change was observed in the rats stimulated with low-frequency electroacupuncture, temporary increases in both blood flow and blood pressure were observed in the rats stimulated with high-frequency electroacupuncture and in the rats subjected to pinch stimulation.<br>These reactions were all inhibited by the administration of phentolamine (α receptor blocker).<br>These results suggest that the increase in sciatic blood flow induced by high-frequency electroacupuncture and pinch simulation are dependent on the blood pressure.